Lugou Qiao - Marco Polo China Bridge
Ancient China, Lugou Qiao, also known as the Marco Polo Bridge, is one of earliest segmented stone arch bridge about 16 km in the outside of Beijing.
The bridge is 260 meters long and has 250 marble balustrades supporting 485 carved stone lions. First built in 1192, the original arches were washed away in the 17th century. The bridge is a composite of different eras, widened in 1969 to span the Yongding River near the town of
Wanping.
In the Mingchang period (1190-1208) of the Jin dynasty, the bridge was listed into the "Eight Scenic Spots of Yanjing (Beijing)" under the title "Lugou Xiaoyue" (Moon Over Lugou at Daybreak), which has remained throughout the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
In 1751, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) personally edited the poetic titles for the 8 views, and wrote the inscriptions for the steles, including the "Lugou Xiaoyue" tablet which still stands by the bridge.
The Luguo Bridge has been standing over the Yongding River for 800 years. The entire bridge is made of huge granite blocks, with carved stone lions crouched along the railings on both sides. No two lions are alike, and smaller carved lions can be found strategically placed on and beside them.
On July 7th, 1937, the bridge featured again in China's history when the Japanese Kwantung Army began its war to conquer China. It is known for the "Marco Polo Bridge Incident". During the next 8 years, Japan occupied most of China and killed millions of Chinese.
Old The China Bridges in Shanghai
No.1-Qingtian Bridge
Qingtian Bridge is situated at the meet of Hui Long Tan of Confucius Temple in Jia Ding, being built during the 16th year at the reign of Wan Li of Ming dynasty. It is a stone bridge of only one arch. At one end of the bridge there is a Pailou and just in the opposite at the other end is the gate building of Hui Long Tan. The pattern of such construction has been rare.
No.2---Ying Xiang Bridge
Ying Xiang Bridge is located at Nan San of Jin Zhe Town in Qingpu County. It was built during Yuan dynasty(1335-1340) and had been reconstructed for 2 times during the dynasty of Ming and Qing. It was a rare one being of 5 archs and 34.25 meters in length and 2.41 meters in width. The pattern is delicate and clean. Streching to the two sides, the surface of bridge was paved with stone in blue or green which has not only protected the wood pier but appeared a style in special as well. In the middle are stone carvings as well as the delicates of stone walls about buddhism producing the sight-seeing of waters and the sky. So the bridge has become one of the eight sceneries in Jin Zhe.
No.3---KongMiao Ban Bridge
Kong Miao Ban Bridge is situated inside Kong Miao(Confucius Temple) in Nan Da street of Jia Ding. Since Tang dynasty, in the front of Kong Miao there has been the semi-circular pond known as the "Ban Ci" over which is the bridge called "Ban bridge ", one worshipping Confucius, he has to walk on the bridge. Kong Miao Ban Bridge is entitled as No.1 of the East-pass being formed of 3 bridges. On the surface of the bridges. On the surface of the bridge dragon was carved in the middle, being the only path for nobles and their relative at that time. By the 2 sides of Ban bridge there are stone carvings of dragon and animal.
No.4 --- Tian En Bridge
Tian En Bridge by the surname of Zhen Sen Tang Bridge is situated in Yong Feng village of Ma Lu town in Jia Ding, being a stone bridge of 3 archs in parallel. The bridge is 46 metres in legnth, 3.5 metres in width, 5 metres in height. The middle arch gets a crossing of 11.5 metres, while the crossing of the other 2 archs on the right and left being 5.5 metres each.
No.5--- Pu Hui Tang Bridge
Pu Hui Tang Bridge is situated at Qi Bao Town, Min Hang district. Due to crossing over Pu Hui Tang, the bridge was named after this name, being with the surname as Qi Bao Tang Bridge. It is said as a legend that the bridge is one of seven gems (Qi Bao) in Qi Bao Town. It was built at the reign of Zheng De during Ming dynasty (1506-1521). At first Pu Hui Tang Bridge was a bridge of 5 stone archs with a corridor, being of 3 stone archs at present, 6 meters in width as well as stone pavement. The name, "Pu Hui Tang Bridge" was carved has ever been the trading center of agriculture produce at the front of the bridge at present.
No.6---Fang Sheng Bridge
Fang Sheng Bridge is sited in the east of Zhu Jia Jiao Town in Qing Pu County. Being built at the reign of Long Qing during Ming dynasty,it is the biggest stone bridges of 5 archs. The archs ate parallel. Being the longest bridge of Shanghai at olden times, it is 70.8 meters in length, 5.8 meters in width, 7.4 meters in height and the middle arch diameter being 13 meters, while the 2 interior archs diameter 8.8 meters and the 2 exterior archs diameter 6.2 meters. There are 8 dragons carved on the entrance pavement of the bridge amid with a pearl. The pier of the bridge being of about 100 cm., it is of the thin one in comparison with the crossing. The thin pier is a creation of the builders in the country of Jiang Nan waters, being of big significance in the history of home and abroad.
New The China Bridges in Shanghai
Shanghai government plans an additional six tunnels and bridges across the Huangpu River within the Outer Ring Road by the end of 2020. Their construction will bring the number to 16, roughly one every 2 kilometers.
Including the three tunnels currently under construction, the plan has selected locations for six other links, Qian Shaohua, the Shanghai Urban Planning & Design Research Institute's director of road and transport planning department, said yesterday.
The planned connections will be built between:
Changjiang Road in Puxi to the planned Jianghai Road in Pudong.
Jungong Road in Puxi to Jinqiao Road in Pudong.
Xinjian Road in Puxi to Pudong Road S.
Renmin Road in Puxi and Dongchang Road in Pudong.
Shilong Road in Puxi and Yaohua Road in Pudong.
Shangzhong Road in Puxi and the planned Huaxia Road in Pudong.
"The majority of these connections will be tunnels, as suggested by experts," Qian said.
"A bridge may look great but it takes up more land and leads to the reloca-tion of more families," Qian said. "As a traffic means, a bridge is less efficient than a tunnel."Shanghai on both banks of the river is currently linked by four bridges and three tunnels, excluding the Bund sightseeing tunnel.
The other two tunnels now under construction are the Xiangyin Road Tunnel connecting Xiangyin Road in Puxi with the planned Wuzhou Avenue in Pudong; and the Fuxing Road E. Tunnel between Fuxing Road E. in Puxi and Zhangyang Road in Pudong.
Hangzhou Bay Trans-oceanic China Bridge
Hongzhou Bay lies South of Shanghai, and ends at the City of Hongzhou.
The new bridge, when completed, will shorten the travel from Shanghai to the Southern region significantly. The main span of the new bridge is the 'cable-stayed' type of bridge. This is a new type of bridges invented in the 20th century.
The bridge is a six-lane highway bridge with an overall length of 36 Km, which makes it the longest "ocean-crossing bridge" in the World. It is not the bridge with the longest span in the World.
Mid-way of the bridge, there will be a Service Island for cars to turn off the road for rest, food and a full-range of services. The entire island is a platform resting on piers, in order not to impede current flow in the Bay.
